基于积分二次约束不确定时滞大系统的鲁棒容错控制

针对一类不确定时滞大系统，研究执行器或传感器失效情况下的鲁棒容错控制。通过运用积分二次约束、线性矩阵不等式及Lyapunov函数的新分析方法，得到无摄动时滞大系统具有鲁棒容错控制的时滞依赖稳定性判据。通过推导获得不确定时滞大系统的时滞依赖稳定性判据，设计鲁棒容错控制器。     

Effect of Tillage and Plant Residue Management Practices on Shrinkage of a Vertisol

A study was carried out to determine the effects of different tillage and plant residue management practices on different soil moisture and shrink-swell properties of a Vertisol (very fine, semctitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert (with less than 1 % slope). The core samples were collected in July (after harvesting of lentil) and in November (after planting of wheat) 1993. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that T2 tends to give higher water holding capacity and available moisture than T1. Immediate incorporation of plant residue (R1) tends to increase the bulk density and to decrease soil specific volume and void ratio when compared to late incorporation treatment (R2). In general, the two tillage treatments tend to decrease moisture availability, shrinkage characteristics, soil specific volume, and void ratio. They also tend to increase the soil shrinkage (subsidence and cracks volume) and bulk density. Chisel plough is recommended in Vertisols, if it is to be used before the rainfall.     

Effect of Tillage System on Soil Strength and Bulk Density of Vertisols

Improving the soil environment for seedling emergence and plant growth is possible using a good tillage system. From March 1993 until June 1994, the effect of tillage system and plant residue incorporation practices on the bulk density and the soil strength of the surface layer of a vertisol (very fine, smectitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert), on a less than 1 % slope, was investigated. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that R1 gave significantly higher bulk density than R2, while the different tillage treatments had no significant effect. Soil strength was significantly lower under T1 and R2 than under the other treatments.     

连续流粮食干燥控制系统变量分析与结构设

针对粮食干燥影响因素多且不确定,以及测量结果存在滞后的问题,提出了连续流粮食干燥被控变量和控制变量的选择方法,通过实验数据对影响粮食干燥过程的各因素及各因素对粮食出口含水率的灵敏度进行了分析.结果表明,影响较大的因素有排粮电动机转速、热风温度、粮食初始含水率,影响较小的因素有环境温度、热风和冷却风风量、粮食初始温度.设计了连续流粮食干燥过程自动控制系统的控制结构,引入微分环节可有效抑制因测量而造成的滞后现象.     

玉米根茬图像的分割方法

对保护性耕作留茬覆盖情况下田间玉米根茬图像进行了分割.选取采集图像的彩度信息作为对象,通过对几种常用的自动阈值选取算法的比较,选择了迭代法对田间图像进行分割.实验结果表明:该方法能够有效地将根茬目标与土壤背景分割开来,为下一步检测行茬直线并将其作为导航基准线进行视觉导航的研究提供了基础.     

具有次二次位势的二阶哈密尔顿系统的周期解的存在性

利用变分法研究二阶哈密尔顿系统的周期解.减弱了以前的次二次条件并得到解的存在性.     

保护性耕作中深松技术的应用研究

为推广保护性耕作技术，在法库地区3个乡镇进行深松技术应用试验。对深松地块和传统耕作地块各项指标进行测定，结果表明：深松地块比对比田土壤水分含量高、玉米长势好、产量高。证明应用深松技术可增强土壤蓄水保墒能力，有利于玉米生长发育，促进农民增收。     

智能化纳米释药系统用于细菌感染治疗的研究进展

细菌耐药性的相关研究已成为多学科交叉研究的热点,纳米技术因其独特的物化性质在药物递送系统(drug delivery systems,DDSs)的应用中具有可以改善药物的药代动力学和药效学特性,为应对全球细菌抗生素耐药性问题提供了一种新的策略。作为药物载体,理想的纳米粒子必须具有较高的载药量,将药物运送到特定的病理部位和(或)靶细胞,同时不发生药物泄漏,并且在作用部位迅速释放药物。为此,人们积极寻求各种"智能"纳米释药系统,这种纳米释药系统可以对内部或外部刺激(如pH、氧化还原、温度、磁和光等)进行响应,从而实现对药物的可控释放。本文围绕pH、温度、光照以及酶和其他内源或外源因子刺激响应的智能化抗菌药物递送系统领域的最新研究进展进行了评述。     

Livestock water productivity in mixed crop–livestock farming systems of the Blue Nile basin: Assessing variability and prospects for improvement

Water scarcity is a major factor limiting food production. Improving Livestock Water Productivity (LWP) is one of the approaches to address those problems. LWP is defined as the ratio of livestock’s beneficial outputs and services to water depleted in their production. Increasing LWP can help achieve more production per unit of water depleted. In this study we assess the spatial variability of LWP in three farming systems (rice-based, millet-based and barley-based) of the Gumera watershed in the highlands of the Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. We collected data on land use, livestock management and climatic variables using focused group discussions, field observation and secondary data. We estimated the water depleted by evapotranspiration (ET) and beneficial animal products and services and then calculated LWP. Our results suggest that LWP is comparable with crop water productivity at watershed scales. Variability of LWP across farming systems of the Gumera watershed was apparent and this can be explained by farmers’ livelihood strategies and prevailing biophysical conditions. In view of the results there are opportunities to improve LWP: improved feed sourcing, enhancing livestock productivity and multiple livestock use strategies can help make animal production more water productive. Attempts to improve agricultural water productivity, at system scale, must recognize differences among systems and optimize resources use by system components.     

不同保护性耕作模式对冬小麦产量及土壤理化性状的影响

在大田条件下设4个处理:传统耕作(CT)、还田免耕(NT1)、整秆覆盖免耕(NT2)、还田深松免耕(NTS),研究了保护性耕作模式对冬小麦产量及土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明,小麦返青后,保护性耕作0~20 cm土壤容重低于传统处理,有机质含量、速效氮、速效钾和速效磷含量高于传统处理,但20~40 cm土壤养分各项指标除NTS表现与0~20 cm相同趋势外,NT1和NT2有减小趋势。保护性耕作最终提高了小麦穗粒数和千粒重,但降低了公顷穗数,比传统耕作减少240万/hm2,产量表现:NTS>CT>NT2>NT1。表明,土壤深松技术与秸秆还田相结合,能有效改善和提高土壤耕层和耕层以下土壤理化性状,发挥保护性耕作的增产潜力。